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Hasht-Bihisht (Architecture)
In architecture Hasht-Bihisht (lit. Persian - Eight Paradises) refers to a specific type of floorplan common in Persian architecture and Mughal architecture whereby the plan is divided into 8 chambers surrounding a central room.
The eight divisions and frequent octagonal forms of such structures represent the eight levels of paradise for Muslims. The paradigm however was not confined solely to Islamic antecedents. The Chinese magic square was employed for numerous purposes including crop rotation and also finds a Muslim expression in the wafq of their mathematicians. Ninefold schemes find particular resonance in the Indian mandalas, the cosmic maps of Hinduism and Buddhism.〔Koch, p.26〕
==Persia==
The Hasht-Bihisht plan was used at the Tarabkhana pavilion in Timurid Herat, Afghanistan, a two-storied structure that seems to have adopted the octagonal hasht bihisht form, in nine units (the eight surrounding bays and a ninth central bay. No longer extant, this form is repeated at the seventeenth-century Hasht Behesht Pavilion of the Safavid Empire imperial palace at Isfahan.〔D. Fairchild Ruggles, “Humayun’s Tomb and Garden: Typology and Visual Order.” In Attilio Petruccioli, ed. ''Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design. Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture: Supplements to Muqarnas'', Volume VII. Leiden: Brill, 1997, 174.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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